Probably some type of pathogen. Good chance that they could be fungal cankers. Nectria, possible. Armillaria, at least out here, is more associated with root disease. ‘Mycelial fans’ under the bark on stumps and root flares are the easiest way to diagnose Amillaria. Can be really problematic in our spruce/fir forests on mesic sites.
Not being from your area is tough. I would contact your pathologist/extension agent from your local State Forest Service/DNR. That is why they are there and more often than not it is a free service for you.